Understanding Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) Testing
Expectant parents in the Washington, D.C. metro area have access to a range of prenatal screening options through VHC Health. One option is cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing, a simple blood test that can provide important information about the genetics of an ongoing pregnancy. This screening is also known as noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) or noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).
What is cfDNA Testing?
Cell-free DNA testing is a blood test that can be performed after 10 weeks of pregnancy, and in some cases as early as eight weeks. It is offered as part of prenatal care at VHC Health for patients throughout Arlington and the greater Washington, D.C. metro area.
The test analyzes small fragments of DNA, called chromosomes, that come from the pregnancy and circulate in the pregnant patient's bloodstream. cfDNA screening looks for certain genetic conditions that most often occur by chance rather than being inherited, including:
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
- Trisomy 18
- Trisomy 13
- Differences in the sex chromosomes (X and Y)
Because cfDNA testing only requires a blood draw from the pregnant individual, it poses no risk to the pregnancy, making it a safe option for many patients receiving care in the D.C. metro area.
What cfDNA Testing Can and Can't Tell You
cfDNA testing is one of the most accurate screening tools available for certain chromosomal conditions. The detection rate for Down syndrome is greater than 99%.
At the same time, it is important for patients to understand what the test does and does not provide.
- cfDNA testing is a screening test, not a diagnostic test. Results that show increased risk typically require follow-up testing.
- It does not screen for all genetic conditions.
- It can provide an early option to learn fetal sex, if desired.
VHC Health providers help patients understand whether cfDNA testing aligns with their medical history, personal preferences, and pregnancy goals.
Understanding Your Results
cfDNA testing is optional and available to all pregnant patients at VHC Health. Results typically return within seven to 10 days.
- A negative, or normal, result greatly reduces the likelihood that the pregnancy is affected by one of the conditions tested, though it cannot eliminate the risk.
- A result indicating an increased risk does not necessarily mean a confirmed diagnosis has been made. Your care team will review the results, answer questions, and discuss next steps, including additional testing if appropriate.
Not all genetic conditions are included in cfDNA screening. Patients with a family history of genetic disorders or specific concerns are encouraged to discuss them with their provider or a genetic counselor as part of their prenatal care.
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